5th Water Line to Jerusalem

Construction of the longest tunnel in Israel. Steel lining with a diameter of 2.6 m in a 3.9 m long excavated tunnel. Sophisticated logistical system for the steel lining. Construction life of 90 years. Driving of three large caves with a volume of up to 3,200 m³ that had to be filled prior to TBM tunnelling.
 
Hydraulic design for steel pipe construction with up to 38 bar. The tunnelling advance progressed beneath a nature reserve. The steel pipes (2.6 m diameter, 12–13 m long, total 14,170 tonnes) outside of the tunnel are encased in reinforced shotcrete to increase the weight and reduce buoyancy when backfilled with concrete. The gap between the tunnel (3.9–4.0 m) and the steel pipe was filled with special in-situ concrete (62,600 m³). Outside of the tunnel: 430 m open trench (4,500 m³ backfilling with reinforced concrete – 500 tonnes of steel pipes).